2014-02-20 (Año-mes-día)     previous class    next class   Home   

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Pillars of Morality

Dr Sarah Brosnan

 

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Monkeys show sense of justice
By Dr David Whitehouse
BBC News Online science editor

Monkeys have a sense of justice. They will protest if they see another monkey get paid more for the same task.
Monkeys display sense of justice
Capuchins: Cooperative and tolerant
Researchers taught brown capuchin monkeys to swap tokens for food. Usually they were happy to exchange this "money" for cucumber.
But if they saw another monkey getting a grape - a more-liked food - they took offence. Some refused to work, others took the food and refused to eat it.
Scientists say this work suggests that human's sense of justice is inherited and not a social construct.
 

"One of the most interesting areas is the recent suggestion that human cooperation is made more effective by a sense of fairness."
Sarah Brosnan wanted to find out if the human sense of fairness is an evolved behaviour or a cultural construct - the result of society's rules.

 

 

Humans and monkeys don't like the inequality.

 

I believe in fairness

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Ukranie protest

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6tBkwFj_u4

 

Ukrainian capital Kiev have launched a fresh attack on anti-government protesters as the dea.
Bloody uprising unfolding as security forces push their way into central Kiev to drive out protestors. Ukraine protests : Berkut and titushki beat people

 

 

 

We are fed up of the politicians

I can't help it

 

 

How do you help friend who say:

  • I feel lonely, I'm feeling lonely

Don't worry it doesn't matter you'll get use to be alone.

  • I can't sleep

Do you have some reason for that? or maybe you slept last night more than you need

  • I'm so stressed at work

Relax, nobody is indipensable at work, ask someone to help you at work.

  • My girlfriend (or boyfriend)  is going to drop me

Oh, I'm so sorry. But don't worry, in this way you are free.

 

 

SONG

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"Don't Give Up" PETER GABRIEL

in this proud land we grew up strong
we were wanted all along
I was taught to fight, taught to win
I never thought I could fail

no fight left or so it seems
I am a man whose dreams have all deserted
I've changed my face, I've changed my name
but no one wants you when you lose

don't give up
'cos you have friends
don't give up
you're not beaten yet
don't give up
I know you can make it good

though I saw it all around
never thought I could be affected
thought that we'd be the last to go
it is so strange the way things turn

drove the night toward my home
the place that I was born, on the lakeside
as daylight broke, I saw the earth
the trees had burned down to the ground

don't give up
you still have us
don't give up
we don't need much of anything
don't give up
'cause somewhere there's a place
where we belong
rest your head
you worry too much
it's going to be alright
when times get rough
you can fall back on us
don't give up
please don't give up

'got to walk out of here
I can't take anymore
going to stand on that bridge
keep my eyes down below
whatever may come
and whatever may go
that river's flowing
that river's flowing

moved on to another town
tried hard to settle down
for every job, so many men
so many men no-one needs

don't give up
'cause you have friends
don't give up
you're not the only one
don't give up
no reason to be ashamed
don't give up
you still have us
don't give up now
we're proud of who you are
don't give up
you know it's never been easy
don't give up
'cause I believe there's a place
there's a place where we belong

Oscar Wilde - The soul of man under Socialism

http://www.learn-english-today.com/resources.html   Reading Free Online ebooks --> http://www.readeasily.com/byauthor.php http://www.readeasily.com/oscar-wilde/00207/index.php

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The chief advantage that would result from the establishment of Socialism is, undoubtedly, the fact that Socialism would relieve us from that sordid necessity of living for others which, in the present condition of things, presses so hardly upon almost everybody. In fact, scarcely anyone at all escapes.

Now and then, in the course of the century, a great man of science, like Darwin; a great poet, like Keats; a fine critical spirit, like M. Renan; a supreme artist, like Flaubert, has been able to isolate himself, to keep himself out of reach of the clamorous claims of others, to stand ‘under the shelter of the wall,’ as Plato puts it, and so to realise the perfection of what was in him, to his own incomparable gain, and to the incomparable and lasting gain of the whole world. These, however, are exceptions. The majority of people spoil their lives by an unhealthy and exaggerated altruism—are forced, indeed, so to spoil them. They find themselves surrounded by hideous poverty, by hideous ugliness, by hideous starvation. It is inevitable that they should be strongly moved by all this. The emotions of man are stirred more quickly than man’s intelligence; and, as I pointed out some time ago in an article on the function of criticism, it is much more easy to have sympathy with suffering than it is to have sympathy with thought. Accordingly, with admirable, though misdirected intentions, they very seriously and very sentimentally set themselves to the task of remedying the evils that they see. Buttheir remedies do not cure the disease: they merely prolong it. Indeed, their remedies are part of the disease.

They try to solve the problem of poverty, for instance, by keeping the poor alive; or, in the case of a very advanced school, by amusing the poor.

But this is not a solution: it is an aggravation of the difficulty. The proper aim is to try and reconstruct society on such a basis that poverty will be impossible. And the altruistic virtues have really prevented the carrying out of this aim. Just as the worst slave-owners were those who were kind to their slaves, and so prevented the horror of the system being realised by those who suffered from it, and understood by those who contemplated it, so, in the present state of things in England, the people who do most harm are the people who try to do most good; and at last we have had the spectacle of men who have really studied the problem and know the life—educated men who live in the East End—coming forward and imploring the community to restrain its altruistic impulses of charity, benevolence, and the like. They do so on the ground that such charity degrades and demoralises. They are perfectly right. Charity creates a multitude of sins.

There is also this to be said. It is immoral to use private property in order to alleviate the horrible evils that result from the institution of private property. It is both immoral and unfair.

Under Socialism all this will, of course, be altered. There will be no people living in fetid dens and fetid rags, and bringing up unhealthy, hunger-pinched children in the midst of impossible and absolutely repulsive surroundings. The security of society will not depend, as it does now, on the state of the weather. If a frost comes we shall not have a hundred thousand men out of work, tramping about the streets in a state of disgusting misery, or whining to their neighbours for alms, or crowding round the doors of loathsome shelters to try and secure a hunch of bread and a night’s unclean lodging. Each member of the society will share in the general prosperity and happiness of the society, and if a frost comes no one will practically be anything the worse.

Upon the other hand, Socialism itself will be of value simply because it will lead to Individualism.

La principal ventaja que acarrearía la implantación del Socialismo es, sin duda, la de relevarnos de la sórdida necesidad de vivir para otros que, en el actual estado de cosas, tanto presiona sobre casi todos. En realidad, casi nadie escapa a ella.

 

 

De tanto en tanto, en el curso del siglo, un gran hombre de ciencia como Darwin; un gran poeta como Keats; un fino espíritu crítico como el del señor Renan; un artista supremo como Flaubert, ha podido aislarse, mantenerse fuera del alcance de los clamorosos reclamos de los demás, mantenerse al resguardo del muro como dice Platón, y así realizar la perfección que había dentro suyo, para su propio incomparable beneficio, y para el incomparable y duradero beneficio de todo el mundo. Estas, sin embargo, son las excepciones. La mayoría de la gente arruina su vida por un malsano y exagerado altruismo; en realidad, se ven forzados a arruinarse así. Es inevitable que se conmuevan, al verse rodeados de tan tremenda pobreza, tremenda fealdad, tremenda hambre. En el hombre, las emociones se suscitan más rápidamente que la inteligencia; y como señalara hace algún tiempo en un artículo sobre la función de la crítica, es mucho más fácil solidarizarse con el sufrimiento que con el pensamiento. De esta forma, con admirables, aunque mal dirigidas intenciones, en forma muy seria y con mucho sentimiento, se abocan a la tarea de remediar los males que ven. Pero sus remedios no curan la enfermedad: simplemente la prolongan. En realidad sus remedios son parte de la enfermedad.

Tratan de resolver el problema de la pobreza, por ejemplo, manteniendo vivos a los pobres; o, como lo hace una escuela muy avanzada, divirtiendo a los pobres.

Pero ésta no es una solución; es agravar la dificultad. El objetivo adecuado es tratar de reconstruir la sociedad sobre una base tal que la pobreza resulte imposible. Y las virtudes altruistas realmente han evitado llevar a cabo este objetivo. Así como los peores dueños de esclavos fueron los que trataron con bondad a sus esclavos, evitando así que los que sufrían el sistema tomaran conciencia del horror del mismo, y los que observaban lo comprendiesen, igual sucede con el estado actual de cosas en Inglaterra, donde la gente que más daño hace es la que trata de hacer más bien; y por fin hemos tenido hombres que estudiaron realmente el problema y conocen la vida -hombres educados que viven en el East End -adelantándose e implorando a la comunidad para que restrinja sus impulsos altruistas de caridad, benevolencia y otros parecidos. Se basan en la afirmación de que la caridad degrada y desmoraliza. Están perfectamente en lo cierto. La caridad crea una multitud de pecados.

También debe decirse esto al respecto. Es inmoral usar la propiedad privada a fin de aliviar los terribles males que resultan de la misma institución de la propiedad privada. Es a la vez inmoral e injusto.

Bajo el Socialismo todo esto, naturalmente, se modificará. No habrá gente viviendo en fétidas pocilgas, vestida con hediondos andrajos, criando niños débiles, acosados por el hambre, en medio de circunstancias absolutamente imposibles y repulsivas. La seguridad de la sociedad no dependerá, como sucede ahora, del estado del tiempo. Si llega una helada no tendremos a cien mil hombres sin trabajo, deambulando por las calles miserablemente, o pidiendo limosna a sus vecinos, o apiñándose ante las puertas de detestables albergues para tratar de asegurarse un pedazo de pan y un sucio lugar donde pasar la noche. Cada miembro de la sociedad compartirá la prosperidad y felicidad general, y si cae una helada, prácticamente nadie estará peor.

Por el otro lado, el Socialismo por sí mismo será valioso simplemente porque conducirá al Individualismo.

 

 

 

 

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